This study of the emergence of inequality during the early years is based upon a comparative analysis of children at … Canada. Second, large differences in cognitive outcomes exist in all countries between children from disadvantaged … which children at the top of the SES distribution out-perform those in the middle. Third, disparities in social and …

the CPS, we describe trends in parents' employment and leave-taking after birth of a newborn and analyze the extent to …

The earnings of mothers make up an important, but difficult to quantify, component of parental expenditures on children …. This paper compares the long-term earnings of women with children, women without children, and men. The study conducts …

family gap in pay - the differential in hourly wages between women with children and women without children. We present … that there is a good deal of variation across our sample countries in the effects of children on women's employment. We … also find large differences in the effects of children on women's hourly wages even after controlling for differences …

This paper examines the effects of recent welfare reforms in the US and UK on the well-being of children in low-income … data also point to divergence across the two countries. In the UK, low-income families affected by the reforms are spending … more money on items related to children and are more likely to own a car and a phone, while in the US, families affected by …