are consistent with these grades being insufficiently salient for students to alter actual student behaviors …

influence of parents wanes. Nevertheless, parents may continue to exert leverage by shaping their children's peer groups. We … parental inputs and peers, and where parents can affect the peer group by restricting who their children can interact with. We …As children reach adolescence, peer interactions become increasingly central to their development, whereas the direct …

education on health. Second, we present evidence that parents compensate for differences in their children's health endowments … through education, but find no evidence that parents reinforce differences in skill endowments. We argue that there is a bias …

- on school performance. We combine data from the National Educational Panel Study covering 5348 primary school students …