-achieving students. The reduction in learning time was not larger for children from lower-educated parents, but it was larger for boys … collect detailed time-use information on students before and during the school closures in a survey of 1,099 parents in … argue that low-achieving students may be particularly affected by the lack of educator support during school closures. We …

local students in Shanghai, where local students all go to public schools, but migrant students are endogenously selected … all student groups. We conduct policy experiments to examine the effect of transferring migrant students from private …

addressing unobserved residence-country features, we find similar results when assigning migrant students their country …