sensitive children from detailed Danish register data: children with divorced parents, children with parents convicted of crime … emotionally sensitive children in the school-cohort. We exploit that some children move between schools and thus generate …, and children with a psychiatric diagnosis. We find that adding potentially disruptive children lowers the academic …

are consistent with these grades being insufficiently salient for students to alter actual student behaviors …

Without a school degree, students can have difficulty in the labor market. To improve the lives of upper …-secondary school dropouts, German states instituted a school reform that awarded an interim degree to high-track students upon …-track completion, university entrance rates, and later income, arguably by reducing the perceived risk of trying longer in the high …

large region in Denmark. The sample is merged with register information on parents and students observed until the age of 19 … and parent evaluations of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) of about 6,000 children born in 1990-92 in a … larger when based on parents' SDQ scores compared to teachers' SDQ scores. According to our estimations, the school outcomes …

- on school performance. We combine data from the National Educational Panel Study covering 5348 primary school students …

-- on children's long-term life satisfaction. The historical setting under study, namely the former German Democratic …