are consistent with these grades being insufficiently salient for students to alter actual student behaviors …

Without a school degree, students can have difficulty in the labor market. To improve the lives of upper …-secondary school dropouts, German states instituted a school reform that awarded an interim degree to high-track students upon …-track completion, university entrance rates, and later income, arguably by reducing the perceived risk of trying longer in the high …

female students’ interest in programming and science and encouraging them to consider careers in STEM-related fields … randomized controlled trial. Our results show that Coding Girls had a significant and positive impact on male and female students …’ aspirations to pursue higher education in STEM-related disciplines. The gender stereotypes children are exposed to from a very …

female students' interest in programming and science and encouraging them to consider careers in STEM-related fields … randomized controlled trial. Our results show that Coding Girls had a significant and positive impact on male and female students …' aspirations to pursue higher education in STEM-related disciplines. The gender stereotypes children are exposed to from a very …

- on school performance. We combine data from the National Educational Panel Study covering 5348 primary school students …

-- on children's long-term life satisfaction. The historical setting under study, namely the former German Democratic …

, children cared by grandparents (as well as parents) are better in naming objects, but worse in tests concerning basic concepts … term, using data from the Millennium Cohort Study (UK). Compared with children looked after in a formal care centre … is stronger for children in more advantaged households; on the other hand, the negative association is significant only …