government physicians - can account for developmental gaps between the children of college educated parents and those of less … educated parents. In total, health conditions explain 18% of the gap in cognitive ability and 65% of that in language ability … also focus on improving the health of disadvantaged children …

are consistent with these grades being insufficiently salient for students to alter actual student behaviors …

Without a school degree, students can have difficulty in the labor market. To improve the lives of upper …-secondary school dropouts, German states instituted a school reform that awarded an interim degree to high-track students upon …-track completion, university entrance rates, and later income, arguably by reducing the perceived risk of trying longer in the high …

- on school performance. We combine data from the National Educational Panel Study covering 5348 primary school students …

child health can provide an important explanation for disparities in children's human capital development across different … explain developmental gaps in children's non-cognitive skills. Our measure for children's non-cognitive skills is their … willingness to compete with others. Our findings suggest that health problems are negatively related to children's willingness to …

-- on children's long-term life satisfaction. The historical setting under study, namely the former German Democratic …

-13 months. Finally, we document that 3–4 years after the intervention, the children who received training have a roughly 16 …