children who were exposed longer to the sanctions. The results imply that sanctions have a larger effect on the income of … children than their parents. Therefore, ignoring the effects of sanctions on future generations significantly understates their … on children's education by exploiting the United Nations sanctions imposed on Iran in 2006. Using the variation in the …

explained by improvements in early parental investment. This study demonstrates that boosting children's early cognitive skills …

for education play a larger role in determining income at age 25 than cognitive skills. Last, our analysis uncovers …

, even though displacement episodes early in children’s lives have the largest impacts on household income (because they … persist for many years), displacement episodes occurring in the children’s teenage years have the largest effects on human … capital accumulation. We show that most of the effects operate through the intensive margin of schooling, and that children …

-achieving students. The reduction in learning time was not larger for children from lower-educated parents, but it was larger for boys … collect detailed time-use information on students before and during the school closures in a survey of 1,099 parents in … argue that low-achieving students may be particularly affected by the lack of educator support during school closures. We …

one student has been in a given school. I examine whether and how school tenure impacts students' output using rich cohort … data on England's secondary schools. Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) estimates suggest that, on average, students benefit from … (TSLS) estimates suggest the effects of school tenure are positive and heterogeneous across students. While advantaged …