-achieving students. The reduction in learning time was not larger for children from lower-educated parents, but it was larger for boys … collect detailed time-use information on students before and during the school closures in a survey of 1,099 parents in … argue that low-achieving students may be particularly affected by the lack of educator support during school closures. We …

effects on school grades, but these negative effects are largely confined to children born extremely preterm (<28 weeks of … gestation, i.e. born at least 10 weeks earlier). Children born moderately preterm (i.e. born up to 5 weeks early) suffer no ill … school environment is very important for the outcomes of preterm born children, such that those born extremely preterm that …

We exploit a recent state-level reform in Germany that granted parents the right to decide on the highest secondary … rates to the higher school tracks increased substantially, with stronger responses among children from richer districts …. Simultaneously, grade repetition in the first grades of secondary school increased dramatically, suggesting that parents choose …

addressing unobserved residence-country features, we find similar results when assigning migrant students their country …