are consistent with these grades being insufficiently salient for students to alter actual student behaviors …

benefits, particularly for children from disadvantaged backgrounds, is its potential to mitigate educational inequality … children who attended such programmes no better off academically than those who did not. This paper studies the relationship … between students’ years spent in ECE and the results of their educational assessment outcomes at age 15.Using PISA survey data …

female students’ interest in programming and science and encouraging them to consider careers in STEM-related fields … randomized controlled trial. Our results show that Coding Girls had a significant and positive impact on male and female students …’ aspirations to pursue higher education in STEM-related disciplines. The gender stereotypes children are exposed to from a very …

- on school performance. We combine data from the National Educational Panel Study covering 5348 primary school students …

-- on children's long-term life satisfaction. The historical setting under study, namely the former German Democratic …