-achieving students. The reduction in learning time was not larger for children from lower-educated parents, but it was larger for boys … collect detailed time-use information on students before and during the school closures in a survey of 1,099 parents in … argue that low-achieving students may be particularly affected by the lack of educator support during school closures. We …

addressing unobserved residence-country features, we find similar results when assigning migrant students their country …

. Households differ in their financial endowment and their children's ability. Non-students are immobile. Students decide where to … rates, but the larger are the numbers of exchange students. …