are consistent with these grades being insufficiently salient for students to alter actual student behaviors …

significantly improves students' reading achievement. Lower-performing student groups – boys, students born abroad, and students …

- on school performance. We combine data from the National Educational Panel Study covering 5348 primary school students …

investigate the mechanisms behind this relationship using data on German pre-teen students. We show that (i) taller children are … better recommendations to taller students. This holds even when controlling for academic achievement and parental background … respect to education policy, our findings suggest that early school tracking might increase disadvantages for students with …