This paper estimates the causal effects of parental education on their children's risky health behaviours and health …. Instrumental variable estimates and difference-in-differences estimates reveal that increases in maternal schooling reduce children … children's education and improvements in their peer environment early in life are important for explaining the effects. Changes …

societies. Adopting a double-generation perspective, we investigate the causal impact of this care mode on children's health …-specific effects, taking into account counterfactual care modes. Our results suggest null or negative effects on children's outcomes …: If children three years and older are in full-time daycare or school and, in addition, cared for by grandparents, they …

development and socio-economic development gaps. For children born before January 1, 2007, parental leave benefits were means …-tested and paid for up to 24 months after childbirth. For children born thereafter, parental leave benefits were earnings …-related and only paid for up to 14 months. Higher-income households benefited more from the reform than low-income households. We …

Do increased instruction hours improve the performance of all students? Using PISA scores of students in ninth grade …) overalmost five years. In the additional time, students are taught new learning content. On average, the reform improves student …-performing students do not benefit, high-performing students benefit the most. The findings suggest that increases in instruction hours …

We examine the impact of family income during childhood on the type of secondary school that German children attend, a …-born German children and non-existent for children from guestworker households. Income effects are also small relative to the … late-childhood income is a more important determinant of outcomes than early-childhood income, and income effects are not …

that center-based care reduces the overall time that parents spend with the enrolled child, but has only small negative …

respiratory diseases for a 10 percentage point rise in childcare coverage rates when their children are 1–2 years old. In contrast …

Despite increasing access to university education, students from disadvantaged or non-academic family backgrounds are … from a German randomized controlled trial in which students in high schools were treated with information on the benefits … increases intended college enrollment for students from a non-academic family background, while it leads students from academic …