school and household inputs, and test its predictions in two very different low-income country settings - Zambia and India …

, management quality in public schools is low, and ~2σ below high-income countries with comparable data. Second, private schools …

learning outcomes. Our setting is middle-school grades in urban India, where a lottery provided winning students with a voucher … students, but the relative gain was much greater for academically-weaker students because their rate of learning in the control …

significantly improved teacher satisfaction with their income, reduced the incidence of teachers holding outside jobs, and reduced … those of a model where effort on pro-social tasks is a normal good with a positive income elasticity, we find that large …

years, students in schools with an extra contract teacher performed significantly better than those in comparison schools by …

) that provided students with a voucher to finance attending a private school of their choice. The study design featured a …) and math, suggesting that the large cross-sectional test-score differences between public and private school students on … at substantially lower costs per student. Finally, we find no evidence of spillovers on public-school students who do not …

We use a panel survey of ~19,000 primary-school-aged children in rural Tamil Nadu to study 'learning loss' after COVID …-19-induced school closures, and the pace of recovery after schools reopened. Students tested in December 2021 (18 months … language compared to identically-aged students in the same villages in 2019. Two-thirds of this deficit was made up within 6 …