Theory and evidence point towards particularly positive effects of high-quality child care for disadvantaged children … between children from different socioeconomic backgrounds, governments are pushing for universal child care. However, it is … unclear how effective programs with universal participation may be at addressing the needs of disadvantaged children. We …

We follow the same children before and after they receive their first child welfare service (CWS) record, and compare … account for the fact that children who start receiving CWS at different ages may have different trajectories, we look at … children of different ages at first intervention separately (ages 0-5, 6-11 and 12-17). Administrative data covering more than …