-achieving students. The reduction in learning time was not larger for children from lower-educated parents, but it was larger for boys … collect detailed time-use information on students before and during the school closures in a survey of 1,099 parents in … argue that low-achieving students may be particularly affected by the lack of educator support during school closures. We …

’s degrees. We use individual fixed effects models on the matched sample of students and non-students from Finland to capture any …

administrative records on for-profit school and community college attendance with quarterly earnings data for over 400,000 students … schooling by 20-29 percent for students attending for-profit schools and 16-27 percent for students attending community colleges … and community colleges. Finally, we present evidence showing that students in for-profit schools and community colleges …

positive effects of central exams on achievement tests, previous research on university-bound students shows no effects on … subsequent earnings. We suggest that labor-market effects may be more imminent for students leaving school directly for the labor … that central exams are indeed associated with higher earnings for students from school types directly bound for the labor …