outcomes for students. In this paper, we use value-added methods to examine the relationship between a school's effectiveness … systematically recruit more effective teachers; whether they assign teachers to students more effectively; whether they do a better … novice teachers to students in a more equitable fashion. Third, we find that teachers who work in schools that were more …

In Trinidad and Tobago students are assigned to secondary schools after fifth grade based on achievement tests, leading … to large differences in the school environments to which students of differing initial levels of achievement are exposed … differences by assigning the weakest students to schools that provide the least value-added …

, while less effective transfers stay in lower-performing schools, likely exacerbating the differences across students in the …

are able to make good decisions about whom to hire, these reforms have the potential to benefit schools and students … (certification exam scores; college competitiveness) are more likely to apply for transfer, while teachers whose students demonstrate …

heterogeneity. Our model allows for four main social insurance programmes. In contrast to simpler models that attribute all income …

heterogeneity. In contrast to simpler models that attribute all income fluctuations to shocks, our framework disentangles …