in childhood on primary school enrollment status, using pseudo-panel data for children ages six to nine years in … difference of 8 to 10 percentage points -- for children ages six to seven. It is also strong in rural areas. The results are …

countries where panel data to follow children over time exists, there are few substantive changes in scores once children enter …

This paper studies the relative academic performance of students tracked or randomly assigned to South African … university dormitories. Tracked or streamed assignment creates dormitories where all students obtained similar scores on high … of students. Tracking lowers students' mean grades in their first year of university and increases the variance or …