observations, and student surveys. Although all three types of measures could be biased by unmeasured traits of the students in … predicts performance following random assignment of that teacher to a class of students. Combining our results with those from …

observations, and student surveys. Although all three types of measures could be biased by unmeasured traits of the students in … predicts performance following random assignment of that teacher to a class of students. Combining our results with those from …

children on higher order skills. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the parents of lower achieving students …The time children spend with their parents affects their development. Parenting programs can help parents use that time … parents of higher achieving students, weekday texts are more effective because weekdays are more challenging, but not so …

the total test measurement error that can be applied when one or more cohorts of students take three or more tests in the …