negative direct effect on mid-childhood and teenage outcomes. But as mothers' work hours increase, income will rise. We ask … whether income can compensate for the negative effect of hours by adopting a novel mediation analysis that exploits exogenous … variation in both mothers' hours and family income in pre-school years. As expected we find a negative direct effect of an …

decline in routine tasks causes major shifts in education investments of high school students, where they invest less in … inequality in the next generation. Low-ability and low-SES students are most responsive to task-biased demand changes and, as a …

one or more cohorts of students take three or more tests in the subject of interest (e.g., state assessments in three …

the total test measurement error that can be applied when one or more cohorts of students take three or more tests in the …