Understanding the changes that occur in employment patterns as people grow older and the paths they take from employment to retirement may help to apprehend the factors that encourage or discourage employment retention. The aims of this paper are to analyse the process leading up to retirement...

Until these last years, "55 years" marked the retirement age in the majority of the French-speaking African capitals of West Africa. Only people who were employed in the modern private sector or in the administration could profit from a retirement pension. The increasing presence of active...

Democratic Republic of Congo has known dramatic events for the last three decades. Statistical social economic data did not exist really or not available in the period. The Informal Sector survey, the second phase of the 1-2-3 survey, carried out in 2004-2005 and conducted by the National...