the second scenario. Such conditions imply the existence of an inverse-U shaped relationship between innovation and …

The underlying theoretical assumption of this paper is that if firms can imitate an innovation at a cost that is … substantially below the cost of the innovator to carry out the innovation, there may be little or no incentive to carry out the … innovation. Cost and time required for imitating new products and processes have an important effect on the incentives for …

We construct a model of dynamic endogenous product innovation and international trade, using it to calculate the … spur innovation of Northern goods and to make available greater resources for Northern production of current consumption …

raising rivals' cost and limiting both upstream competition and downstream innovation. A similar concern of customer …

labels, retailers increasingly take over functions in the vertical chain. Focusing on innovation, we isolate various reasons … for why when a large retailer grows in size, this can lead to an inefficient shift of innovation activity away from … to a rent-appropriation motive for innovation, next to a hold-up problem. With retail competition, through crowding out …

An extensive empirical literature indicates that returns from innovation are appropriated primarily via mechanisms … assumes the pure nonrivalry of `ideas' with its implication that, in the absence of intellectual property, innovation (and … welfare) is zero. This paper introduces a formal model of innovation based on imperfect competition in which imitation is …