treated, ATT) of the effect of LBOs on firm level of innovation expenditures in 2006 show no significant differences between … both service innovation and marketing innovations in design and packaging and product promotion. …

efficiencies in the short term but these transactions might have a negative impact on long-term growth and innovation. In this … and 2005. The matching estimates (average treatment on the treated, ATT) of the effect of LBOs on firm level of innovation …. In contrast, we find significant effects of LBOs on both service innovation and marketing innovations in design and …