The aim of this paper is to introduce Virtual Equivalence, a method to merge real circuits and virtual circuits. Also it is a new method to implement the Hyper-Bond (Bruns, 2001) for voltage and current flow. The electric power (current × voltage) interactions, at which the real electric...

After many years of large drops in the cost information and communicationtechnology, the evidence on its impact on productivity growth in non-IT produc-ing sectors continues to be mixed.We propose a framework to study the impactof information and communication technology on growth through its...

In this paper, we study a voluntary contribution mechanism withone-way communication. The relevance of one person’s words is assessedby assigning exogeniously the role of the ‘communicator’ to onegroup member. Contrary to the view that the mutual exchange ofpromises is necessary for the...

Firms in Kenya rely on technologies such as computers, cell-phones, and generators toovercome constraints associated with regulations, infrastructure, security, workforce,corruption, and finance. This study shows that such reliance has significant positive impactson productivity as measured by...

The increasing interconnection between computers through the Internet has emergedthe vision of Application Layer Networks. Application Layer Networks comprise anabstract view on overlay networks (e.g. Peer-to-Peer networks, Grid infrastructures) ontop of the TCP/IP protocol. Their common...

The primary target of the CATNETS project is the quantitative comparison between thetechnical and economic efficiency of market-based resource allocation mechanisms inapplication layer networks such as Grids. Here, two fundamentally different approachesare compared. A centralized –...

Future Grid network technology will face the problem of the efficient provisioning ofservices to clients by a scalable and dynamic resource allocation (matching) mechanism.The objective of CATNETS is to determine the applicability of a decentralizedeconomic self-organization mechanism for...