intensity and wholesale price, and independent retailers follow by selecting price. Retailer competition is analyzed using a new … variables, the manufacturer can dictate whether the retailers are local monopolies or in competition, and how much market is …

brand and to the degree of competition in the vicinity of the station. Our analysis identifies several factors other than …

When the General Assembly passed the Electricity Generation Customer Choice and Competition Act (“Competition Act”), it … facilities in this Commonwealth.” These goals according to the PUC remain “as true today as when the Competition Act was passed ….”Out of concern for competition within the retail electric market in Pennsylvania, in April of 2011, the Public Utility …

Does the internet increase competition? To address this question, I exploit two institutional details unique to Germany … treatment group with reduced online competition. (2) German law mandates resale price maintenance for books; I compare three … retailing sectors, electronics (price competition), books (no price competition), and food (no online sales), to identify the …