The MNC literature treats the (parent) HQ as entirely benevolent with respect to their perceived and actual intentions when they intervene at lower levels of the MNC. However, HQ may intervene in subsidiaries in ways that demotivate subsidiary employees and managers (and therefore harm...

One of the serious inquiries for industry experts and academics is whether and how corporate social responsibility (CSR) can help create better workplace environments. However, this has not been studied enough so far from employees’ perspective. To fill this gap, this study aims to examine the...