Did anti-Asian violence rise after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic? Efforts to answer this question are compromised … studying whether anti-Asian violence rose after March 2020 that addresses each of these concerns. Using data from the FBI …'s National Incident-Based Reporting System, we study inter-race violence occurring in public spaces. While public violence …

equilibrium effect of higher wages in the presence of criminal pressure groups, who use both bribes and violence? By means of a … limit corruption, but also foster the use of violence as an alternative tool to influence policymaking …

This paper studies the effects of mothers' long-term pre-conception exposure to local violence on birth outcomes. Using … local violence prior to conception has detrimental effects on infant health at birth. The results suggest that loss of women …, highlighting intergenerational consequences of exposure to local violence. Our findings shed light on the welfare implications of …