This paper analyzes firms' hiring and promotion patterns, and infers the relative significance of the firm- and occupation-specific human capital required for each job rank. The results suggest that firm-specific skills are just as valuable as occupation-specific skills, and that the value of...

We report three findings in a comprehensive study of hourly wage differences between women and men working in same occupation and establishment in Sweden in 1970–1990. (1) Within same occupation and establishment in 1990, women on average earn 1.4% less than men among blue-collar workers, 5.0%...

This paper studies the long-term effects of the business cycle on workers’ future promotions and wages. Using the Swedish employer-employee matched data, we find that a cohort of workers entering the labor market during a boom gets promoted faster and reaches higher ranks. This procyclical...