<title/> This article outlines the nature, causes and extent of financial exclusion in Europe and discusses policy/industry responses to tackling it. Policy response has been ad hoc and country specific. Policy-making by the EC has been disappointing; national solutions are preferred to US-style...

Both in global and European banking markets, banks and banking are undergoing fundamental changes. Deregulation, competition, technology and other developments have extended the frontiers of banking into the wider and ever-expanding financial services industry. Bank Strategies and Challenges in...

This text is concerned with the increasingly important and problematic area of financial exclusion, broadly defined as the inability and/or reluctance of particular societal groups to access mainstream financial services. This has emerged as a major international policy issue. There is growing...