This paper empirically investigates determinants of digital piracy in Germany for several types of digitized products … process from peer-to-peer online networks to offline forms of file swapping. Our findings are confirmed by recent piracy …

This is a survey of the economic principles that underlie antitrust law and how those principles relate to competition … policy. We address four core subject areas: market power, collusion, mergers between competitors, and monopolization. In each …

This Paper introduces optimal competition: the best form of competition in an industry that a competition authority can … competition outcome in an industry becomes more competitive as more money is spent in the industry, as the competition authority … puts less weight on producer surplus and more weight on employment. The relation between competition and entry costs is U …

I study the prospects for collusion between rival firms that share technological know-how. Two common forms of … a broad set of cases, licensing yields higher collusive profits to firms and higher prices to consumers. In other cases …

both price and quantity competition, and the main features are broadly consistent with common cartel practice identified by …

show that any vertical merger facilitates upstream collusion, no matter how large (in terms of capacity or size of product … collusion than a similar merger with a smaller buyer. This formalizes the idea expressed in the U.S. and EU non …

insurers market their products to consumers based, in part, on the quality and breadth of their provider network. We then … consider competition in health insurance markets and physician services markets. We conclude by considering vertical restraints …

eliminated. Without the penalty, we show that downstream competition also facilitates entry. The stronger the competition among …

This paper describes open research questions related to the competition and market structure of financial exchanges and …

product competition tends to increase the relative profitability of innovation for sale relative to entry. Increased … competition reduces entrants' and acquirers' profits in a similar fashion, but also reduces the profit of non-acquirers. Therefore …, incumbents' valuations of innovations are less negatively affected by increased competition than entrants' profits. This, in turn …