This paper presents empirical evidence on scale economies and overcapitalization in Japanese electric utilities. The authors employ the short-run equilibrium model in which the variable cost function treats capital stock as a quasi-fixed factor. They specify the variable cost function as a...

Using a new econometric model, this study provides evidence that contradicts previous assertions about the Japanese labour market. The interrelationship between employment and hours of labour is stressed in this analysis by explicitly dividing labour input into both employment and labour hours....