Reciprocity has been identified as a “messy” concept to study within international cooperative ventures. Theoretically grounded in international cooperation, transaction cost theory and economic anthropology, reciprocity is operationalized and explored in this study. Specifically, the...

There has been considerable emphasis on the strategic importance of process and product innovation in the management literature. What actually constitutes process and product innovation, however, is a confused issue in the current literature. Are product and process innovations separate, or are...

The smooth operation of a logistics system in an international environment requires careful planning on the part of the firm. All aspects have to be planned for and every possible contingency examined. Once the shipment leaves the shipper′s dock it is out of his control until it arrives at the...

In assessing international marketing endeavours, it is essential to understand customer services as a function of the logistics structures of global organisations. Users form idiosyncratic perceptions of service, and these ultimately influence the survival of the organisation‐customer...

Product recalls are no longer in the realm of theoretical possibilities; it is a regular fact of business life among manufacturers of both industrial and consumer products. Machine tools, automobiles, television sets, appliances, cosmetics, clothes — no product is immune and the list is...

Previous researchers have established that brand names are important in determining perceptions of brand quality and attitude towards the product. In this research we investigate the role of brand name in shaping consumers’ evaluation of search, experience, and credence attributes. The...

Sales promotions are probably the least understood and least analyzed of all the promotional tools, yet they are among the most costly and most frequently used. Today’s top managers are relentlessly searching for new areas in which to cut costs and increase profits, so sales promotion are...