Using the census main bases from 1971 through 1996, we estimate earnings equations for Canadian-born female and male workers to assess the size of white­Aboriginal and white­visible minority earnings differentials in Canada. These databases allow us to focus on the small populations of...

The existence of glass ceilings and sticky floors suggests that disadvantaged workers will be under-represented in some parts of the income distribution, and over-represented in others. We present a representation index that measures the prevalence of population subgroups in different regions of...

The literature on ethnically based earnings differentials in Canada has focused on differences either between whites and visible minorities or between particular ethnic groups. In this paper, the authors examine both earnings differentials between whites and visible minorities, and earnings...

Investigating the earnings and income disparity faced by Aboriginal people in Canada from 1995 to 2005, we find that Aboriginal people face substantial income and earnings gaps in comparison with Canadian-born majority-group workers with similar characteristics (such as age and education). The...