In this chapter we look at the spatial distribution of economic activities in China and Japan. Japan has excellent data … features today. For Japan we show how structural shifts in the national economy involved major transformations of the regional … what they imply for our understanding of the role of different cities in the urban hierarchy. For China the approach is …

and liberalization of regional and global trade to create significant parts industries in China, Indonesia, and the …. Japan and Korea grew into major players before liberalizing trade and investment, while even after extensive liberalization … formation, quality upgrading, supplier-linkage cooperation, and innovation. In Japan, the regional and global leader, innovative …