. Japan and Korea grew into major players before liberalizing trade and investment, while even after extensive liberalization … and liberalization of regional and global trade to create significant parts industries in China, Indonesia, and the … Republic of Korea. Conventional policies of stabilization and liberalization, however, cannot fully explain growth patterns …

This paper examines the effects of exports on employment in China, Indonesia, Japan and Korea. It draws on input …, at the aggregate level, the implied employment from exports increased in China, Japan and Korea. Second, at the industry … (NEC), Electrical and Optical Equipment, and Transport Equipment in China, Indonesia and Korea. Third, although more than …