We uncover technological standardization as a microeconomic mechanism which is vital for the implementation of new technologies, in particular general purpose technologies. The interdependencies of these technologies require common rules (“standardization”) to ensure compatibility. Using...

Our study aims at assessing the actual importance of the two main channels usually contemplated in the literature through which upstream sector anticompetitive regulations may impact productivity growth: business investments in R&D and in ICT. We thus precisely try to estimate what are the...

ICT productive performances have slowed down since the beginning of the 2000s, before the current crisis. This diagnosis could be due, at least partly, to some statistical mis-measurements of ICT improvements. Nevertheless, improvements in ICT performances will probably be positively impacted,...

Numerous economic studies have highlighted that ICT investment expenditure appears to be greater in the field of services, and above all in certain activities such as financial services and wholesale trade, than in industry. This analysis examines whether the investment data compiled by national...

Studies of firm-level data have shown that there is a huge dispersion of productivity across firms even when industries are narrowly defined. So there is a significant opportunity for the least productive firms to catch up to the most productive. The formers’ convergence could therefore...

La contribution des technologies de l'information et de la communication (TIC) à la croissance du PIB et de la productivité du travail serait en France de l'ordre de 0,2 à 0,3 % par an sur l'ensemble de la période 1980-2000. Elle aurait connu une forte augmentation sur la seconde moitié des...

Small and medium-sized enterprises are a centrepiece of Europe's economy. Due to their limited size and their generally lower creditworthiness, their access to financial market instruments is more limited than for large enterprises, which benefit from more elaborate Treasury operations,...

Malgré un contexte économique toujours difficile, le total des crédits accordés aux professionnels de l’immobilier par les principales banques françaises, tel qu’il ressort de l’enquête annuelle du Secrétariat général de l’Autorité de Contrôle prudentiel et de Résolution...

The French housing market showed some recovery in 2013 amid furthermoderate price falls in the Paris area, Île de France and the rest of the country,at -1.5%, -1.6% and -1.4% respectively, and as interest rates stabilised athistorically low levels. The volume of transactions for existing homes,...

- Contrairement au marché américain, le marché de la titrisation européenne ne s’est pas totalement effondré avec la crise financière de 2008, même s’il a connu depuis une certaine atonie. La plus grande attention désormais apportée à la qualité des actifs sous-jacents a permis un...