states and growing divergence between European powers. In our model, the impact of war on the European state system depends … on: i) the importance of money for determining the war outcome (which stands for the cost of war), and ii) a country … of war. Initially, this caused more internally cohesive states to invest more in state capacity, while other (more …

.S., we compare this bias between U.S. Cold War (CW) allies to non-CW allies, before and after the CW ended. The results show …

Contestants have to choose whether to initiate a contest or war, or whether to remain peaceful for another period. We …

This paper analyses theoretically and empirically the relationship between trade and war. We show that the intuition … that trade promotes peace is only partially true even in a model where trade is beneficial to all, war reduces trade and … leaders take into account the costs of war. When war can occur because of the presence of asymmetric information, the …