version instead. We show that pharmacies’ substitution incentives are determined by relative margins and relative patient … generics and their market shares. This relationship is stronger for pharmaceuticals under reference pricing rather than … coinsurance. In terms of policy implications, our results suggest that pharmacy incentives are crucial for promoting generic sales. …

-patent pharmaceuticals, replacing the existing price cap (PC) regulation. We estimate the effect of the reform using a product level panel …

. Such behavior may call for high-powered incentives, so that increased effort by the worker little increases the income of … various assumptions about the object and generality of envy. Envy amplifies the effect of incentives on effort and, therefore …

actors provide powerful incentives and become superior when there are some fair-minded players. The principals understand … enforcement power of explicit and implicit incentives. This contract preference is associated with the fact that explicit … incentives weaken the enforcement power of implicit bonus incentives significantly. Our results are largely consistent with …