Describes the experiences, strategies adopted and problems encountered with regard to reforms in the Chilean port of Valparaiso from 1981 to 1999.

Describes the experiences, strategies adopted and problems encountered with regard to reforms in the Peruvian port of Callao.

Argues that the global organization of production accounts for much of the expansion in trade and foreign direct investment (FDI) and that the functional integration of production activites in different locations has led to an intensification of global economic integration.

Describes the experiences, strategies adopted, and the problems encountered with regard to reforms in the Argentinean port of Buenos-Aires.

The paper presented three related issues. A first objective was to shed light on some of the facts of the employment impacts of trade and investments abroad, including highly controversial themes as off-shoring of the production of goods and services. A second objective was to debate the options...