We show that returns policies do increase manufacturer profitability by attenuating price competition between retailers … returns policies serve both to dampen competition and resolve demand uncertainty. …

determined. Generally, customer acquisition is deterministic while pricing is randomized. The equilibrium outcome depends on the … timing of customer acquisition relative to pricing. If sellers acquire customers before setting prices, the unique …

The paper assesses the degree of banking competition and efficiency in Italy?over time as well as compared to that in … other countries, such as France, Germany, Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The paper finds competition in …. The degree of competition falls within the range of estimates for a set of comparator countries. Greater contestability …

It is widely perceived that competition in the Indian banking sector has increased since the inception of the financial … competitive conditions and earns revenues as if under monopolistic competition …

competition in the banking sector. In spite of significant gains in efficiency made in recent years, operational costs and …