(BEER) and a Permanent Equilibrium Exchange Rate (PEER). Four different model specifications are retained, due to the … productivity, and (in some specifications) the relative fiscal stance and the real price of oil, have a significant influence on …

equity markets. The 42.4 p.c. fall in the S&P 500 price index between 24 March 2000 - when it reached its all-time high - and …, we make use of valuation indicators defined as the ratio of the price to a fundamental. The fundamentals considered here …, price-earnings (P/E) still showed a significant overvaluation of equity prices when compared to the historical average over …

article discusses the valuation of prices, unit price or measuring unit for prices, ligitimacy of exchange control in markets …

The belief that equality of demand and supply determines price and clears the market is universal. Shockingly, this … indirect trade, money also must be used. Micro says that price is equal to marginal cost, rejecting trade theory’s claim that … trade is gainful. To remove these and other contradictions, price theory must be repaired. Money’s role in market clearing …

Putting the theory of price system on the relationship among price, wage, labor time, interest rate and GNP (or GDP … value and interest rate in different conditions and regions, can not certainly benefit price stability, sound public …

present length of time squeezes down the durable price. The willingness to replace the durable in the future, on the one hand …