difficulties in reconciling employment and work because out-of-school care is insufficiently developed. The tax system should be … market and reduce the bias in favour of the home production of services such as childcare. This paper reviews these issues …

social security and less training. A comprehensive approach is required to break down dualism, including reduced employment …

childcare centres. More flexible employment and wage systems would increase the age at which older workers leave firms. For … availability of high-quality, affordable childcare, in part by raising tuition fee subsidies and improving the quality of private …

entitlements for low income families will further reduce poverty and increase equality. However, the cost of childcare remains high … even after taking childcare benefits into account. Despite significant improvements, childcare expenses will continue to be …

administration of pre–school and childcare has led to inefficiencies. Education quality in primary and secondary levels reflects lack …

not only contributes to Hungary’s low employment rate but encourages long separation from the labour market, has largely … policy focus towards reconciling work and family life. Reasons for under-provision in childcare by local governments are …

policy instruments such as the tax treatment of second earners (relative to single individuals), childcare subsidies, child … second earners (relative to single individuals), stronger tax incentives to share market work between spouses, childcare … subsidies, and paid maternity and parental leaves Unlike childcare subsidies, child benefits reduce female participation due to …