generalisation of conclusions. Practical problems related to data, measurement and estimation strategies are discussed, leading to … suggestions how they can be addressed in future research. These include: improving the measurement of environmental policy …

productivity measurement for bad outputs and estimates of their shadow prices, while the inclusion of natural capital is discussed … outputs considered in this paper results in a relatively small bias of productivity measurement, and thus analysis based on …

understanding of the role of natural capital for productivity measurement and as a source of economic growth. To this aim, aggregate … in human or productive capital, to prepare for times when resources endowments become scarce. While the measurement of … natural capital remains very incomplete, leaving out natural forests, water and soil, the measurement framework can readily be …

. However, traditional measurement of technological progress assumes perfect competition and no fixed cost. This paper … incorporates these two factors in the technological-progress measurement and investigates the biases caused by their omission. We … measurement underestimates the true technological progress. We apply this methodology to Japanese and US industries, and find that …