Nokia’s ascent, dominance, and descent have resulted in significant labor inflows and outflows in Finland. In this paper, we document the aspects of these flows using official register-based data covering virtually all individuals and organizations in Finland. Our setup may be compared to a...

Abstract: To examine the productivity, employment and wage effects of ICT, we apply novel occupation based measures of organisational change within firms. With these measures, we directly address the complementarities between ICT and organisational changes. Our results support the view that...

Less than a tenth of Finnish firms CEOs and chairmen of the board are women; less than a fourth of Finnish firms board members are women. An empirical regression analysis of a large firm-level data set suggests that a company led by a women CEO is on average about ten per cent more profitable...

Tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan toimihenkilöiden välisiä eroja työ- ja palkkaurissa sekä niiden taustalla vaikuttavia tekijöitä. Lisäksi tutkimuksessa kiinnitetään huomiota siihen, missä uravaiheessa merkittävimmät erot syntyvät ja mikä merkitys erilaisilla siirtymillä on...

We study whether older workers are costly to firms. Our estimation equations are derived from a variant of the decomposition methods frequently used for measuring micro-level sources of industry productivity growth. By using comprehensive linked employer-employee data from the Finnish business...

This study examines gender differences in the career development of young white-collar workers during the first years of their career. In the descriptive analysis the hierarchical level of the first job and the job mobility of men and women are compared. Then, in the econometric part of the...

We study career and wage dynamics within and between firms using a large linked employer-employee panel dataset spanning 26 years. We construct six-level hierarchies for more than 5,000 firms. We replicate most of the analyses from Baker, Gibbs and Holmström (Quarterly Journal of Economics,...

This report summarizes 39 detailed ETLA case studies of global value chains (GVCs). The findings suggest that the value added in global value chains is less tied to their tangible aspects than what conventional wisdom suggests. Intangible aspects of GVCs tend to be more important, but their poor...

A central aspect of the industrial evolution in the advanced economies is the phenomenon called servitization. In general, the term servitization or product-service transition is used to highlight the change, where the tangible offering of a manufacturing firm is augmented with intangible...

Three fourths of Finnish business enterprises have relationships that are deeper than those associated with normal market transactions, i.e., they are involved in inter-organizational networking. Regionally networking is more commonplace in North Savo, North Karelia/Kainuu, Central Finland and...