Improvements in the building stock insulation and the replacement of heating systems will have to take place within the next decades in order to lower heat demand and the associated carbon emissions of the building sector. The current study presents an integrated, iterative modelling approach to...

The German Energiewende envisages achieving a climate-neutral building stock in 2050 by means of two major pillars of regulation: First, residential buildings should consume 80% less primary energy and, second, the remaining energy demand should be covered primarily with renewables. This paper...

Improvements in the building stock insulation and the replacement of heating systems will have to take place within the next decades in order to lower heat demand and the associated carbon emissions of the building sector. Moreover, continuous investments in heating systems are nec-essary due to...