of low-carbon energy innovation. These include both improvements in physical capital, such as smart grids to aid … document recent trends in energy innovation and discuss the lessons learnt for policy. We then discuss the potential role for … complementary innovation in both physical capital--using smart grids as an example of how policy can help--and human capital, where …

ability to defend themselves against litigation. We find that NPE litigation has a real negative impact on innovation at … innovation in the industries in which they are most prevalent …

divestment to combat climate change. Will it work? This chapter explores whether divestment might induce green innovation, a … critical component of transitioning to a cleaner economy. Divestment could theoretically steer innovation by increasing the … investment opportunities. I argue that continuing to invest in dirty industries could drive green innovation conditional on …

I survey some recent research on the role of patents in encouraging innovation and growth in developing economies … discuss research on the implications of patents for international technology transfer and domestic innovation. This is … performance, and the impact on pharmaceutical patenting and domestic innovation. The conclusion suggests that patents may be …

's innovation and export activities, using unique firm survey data which provides direct measures for innovations and firm … export and innovation activities to become substitutes although they are generally natural complements …