This paper reports the results of an experiment that investigates the relationships between inequality and punishment …. In particular, we analyze how inter-personal comparisons affect altruistic punishment behavior. In addition, we examine … how punishment affects inequality over time. We compare two treatments of a two-stage public good game, one in which …

opportunity to punish others on the level contributions in the Voluntary Contributions Mechanism. The punishment is costly for … both the players distributing and those receiving the punishment. Like Fehr and Gaechter, we find that agents often engage … in non-credible costly punishment behavior in order to reduce earnings of others who contribute low amounts to the public …

third parties, and punish low contributors, even when punishment is costly to the sanctioner. When there are five rounds of …

laboratory studies, the demand for punishment and reward are studied separately from one another. This paper presents the results … from an experiment measuring the demand for reward and punishment by 'unaffected' third parties, separately and jointly. We … find that the demand for costly punishment is substantially lower when individuals are also given the ability to reward …