This paper analyses how the scoring systems actually and potentially used in a variety of sports and games affect the suspense they can generate. The experimental method relies on several Monte Carlo simulations applied on a comparative basis to basketball, table tennis and tennis. Results show...

In order to have the public funds necessary for its development, Niger is examining the possibility of expanding its VAT tax base to exempted goods and basic food products. This proposal has prompted violent opposition leading to the question of the social impacts of taxation. The first...

Afin de disposer des ressources publiques nécessaires à son développement, le Niger étudie la possibilité d'élargir l'assiette fiscale de la TVA aux biens exonérés et aux biens d'alimentations de base. Cette proposition a provoqué des oppositions violentes conduisant à poser la...

Stress testing is used to determine the stability or the resilience of a given financial institution by deliberately submitting. In this paper, we focus on what may lead a bank to fail and how its resilience can be measured. Two families of triggers are analysed: the first stands in the stands...

La responsabilité civile des entreprises concerne des portefeuilles d'assurance dont les polices sont souscrites par les sociétés. Les deux principales méthodes de tarification en réassurance sont la méthode par exposition et la méthode par expérience. La méthode par exposition tient...

This paper proposes a new test for structural instability in heterogeneous panels. The test builds on the seminal work of Andrews (2003) originally developed for time series. It is robust to non-normal, heteroskedastic and serially correlated errors, and allows for the number of post break...

In this paper, we discuss the results of a sensitivity analysis of Res-IRF, an energy-economy model of the demand for space heating in French dwellings. Res-IRF has been developed for the purpose of increasing behavioral detail in the modeling of energy demand. The different drivers of energy...

Le vieillissement de la population représente une problématique grandissante pour les pays développés. Ses risques ne se limitent pas à des problèmes de financement de la retraite. En effet, il se pose aussi la question de l'état de santé de ces personnes âgées, avec des ressources...