Integrated Assessment Models of Global Change (IAM) are computer models which integrate sets of equations describing … general circulation models (GCM), atmospheric chemical models and ecological models. However, economic issues are central to … the assessment, through the coupling of these natural science models with macroeconomic models.The goal of IAM is to …

Technology has been playing a central role in defense spending or arms-producing countries since World War II. Although … well as public R&D. This technology-centric paradigm results from uncertainties surrounding defense matters and the need to … launching new programs, hence a high level of defense R&D. This explains both an overinvestment in technology, resulting in the …

This paper is about the alignment of technology and modes of organization in infrastructures in the context of their … determine the alignment between organization and technology and should be taken explicitly into account when reforming …

) to formalize and to teach these techniques? This argumentation will try to show that the concept of technology is …

Portuguese Ministry of Science and Technology. Some of this experience on foresight analysis is also been transferred to other …

explain the relationship between the objective and concrete features of technology and the subjective and shifting nature of … the people and organisation within which that technology is deployed. At the cultural and linguistic level the paper will …