productivity increased during all reform stages and slightly deteriorated in 2009 (the year of the financial crisis), even after … controlling for the recession. Furthermore, increases in matching productivity have become smaller in recent years. Beyond these … findings, the results show detailed differences in the changes in matching productivity on occupational labour markets …

the governments' incentives to decrease unemployment, and a pecuniary externality [De- Pater, J., Myers, G., 1994 …

immigration, low-skilled unemployment, and mediumskill downgrading, ii) the increase in low skill intensive service jobs. The … workers decreases the low-skilled unemployment rate under endogenous benefits; (ii) migration of only medium skilled labor has …

"The beginning of the employment career is often associated with phases of unemployment. We argue that unemployment has … UK and Germany. While search and matching models argue that an unemployment phase might be used for an active job search …-based and rigid labour market in Germany creates a stigma attached to unemployment and therefore might have negative …

"Does early-career unemployment cause future unemployment? We answer this question with German administrative matched … estimator and instrumenting early-career unemployment with local labor market conditions at labor market entry and firm …-specific labor demand shocks, we find significant and longlasting scarring effects. At the median, an additional day of unemployment …