How can governments reduce workforce costs while ensuring civil servants remain engaged and productive? This report addresses this question, using evidence from the 2014 OECD Survey on Managing Budgeting Constraints: Implications for HRM and Employment in Central Public Administration. The...

Those who are self-employed without employees are people whose primary activity is self-employment and do not employ others. The incorporated self-employed are only partly or non-included in the counts of self-employed in several countries. This indicator is measured by sex as percentage of...

Those who are self-employed with employees are people whose primary activity is self-employment and who employ others. The incorporated self-employed are only partly or non-included in the counts of self-employed in several countries. This indicator is measured by gender as percentage of total...

Private schools cater for around 1 in 5 students from pre-primary to the end of secondary education, a share that has not changed materially since 2015. They enjoy greater autonomy, suffer fewer shortages of all kinds and handled the COVID-19 pandemic better than public schools. Although their...